UltraSound(Sonography/USG)

5D ultrasound (3D of internal structures) Focus Healthcare welcomes you to relish wonderful experience of pregnancy in a warm, nurturing environment with the most advanced technology available on planet. We will guide you through the scan, while your baby is imaged using 5D ultrasound, 4D ultrasound (3D ultrasound with movements) in a comfortable and relaxed environment. You may even see your baby yawning, waving and kicking in a realistic view. These images will all be compiled into the package of your choice to give you a unique keepsake of your child. We have special feature in our ultrasound where we give special glares to mother and her family for VIRTUAL EXPERIENCE OF THEIR BABY on a big 108 cm 4D reality LED situated in our specialised ULTRASOUND LOUNGE . Dr. Mohit Agarwal is a certified doctor for Nuchal Scans, Fetal Echocardiography and Color Doppler. He has vast experience of infertility related ultrasounds and with best 5D ultrasound equipment; he is able to perform scans with high rate of accuracy. We also have Liver Elastography-Fibroscan (shearwave technology) FIRST TIME IN ROHILKHAND REGION to suggest liver diseases before it’s too late. NOTE: HERE PRENATAL SEX DETERMINATION (BOY OR GIRL BEFORE BIRTH) IS NOT DONE IT IS A PUNISHABLE ACT.  Ultrasound is the safest way of looking inside the human body. It involves the use of high-frequency sound waves which are harmless to the human body. At Focus Imaging, we have highly trained ultrasound specialists working on the high end equipment available in the world today. We are the first to introduce 5D ultrasound & liver elastography fibroscan scanning in the Rohilkhand region. Ultrasound scanning can help in almost any domain of disease identification. It is useful in pregnancy, it can be done for the breast, lower abdomen, upper abdomen- liver, pancreas etc, heart, bones, joints, neck etc. Ultrasound is a valuable tool and in the right hands can clear out most doubts related to the Diagnostic queries that we are faced with. Please note: According to the PC-PNDT Act, performing a pregnancy ultrasound without a valid prescription having the doctor’s UPMC/MCI registration number, phone number and other details is forbidden.

WHAT IS ULTRASOUND? An ultrasound scan also referred to as a sonogram, diagnostic sonography, and ultrasonography, is a device that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. Because sound waves are used instead of radiation, ultrasound scans are safe.

WHAT IS ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION? This is the information for patients coming for abdominal ultrasound examination . An ultrasound examination allows us to obtain pictures of the inside of the body using high frequency sound waves rather than x-rays. It is a very safe technique which uses echoes to produce a picture on a TV monitor. If the examination is to look at your liver, gallbladder or pancreas then you should not eat for at least 6-8 hours prior to the test and drink only clear fluids preferably still water. If we are looking at the kidneys and bladder it is best to drink at least 4 to 6 glass of water about 1 hour before the test and try not to go to the toilet during this time. The test itself involves putting some clear gel on the skin and moving a probe over the area of interest to allow visualization of the organs in the abdomen. You may be asked to move into different positions to improve the views we get and you will probably be asked to hold your breath from time to time. The examination will usually take 10-20 minutes. Thereafter, you will be provided with a report of the investigation.

FAQ

What is Abdominal Ultrasound Imaging? Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound scanning or sonography, involves exposing part of the body to high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body. Ultrasound exams do not use ionizing radiation (x-ray). Because ultrasound images are captured in real-time, they can show the structure and movement of the body’s internal organs, as well as blood flowing through blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging is usually a painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. An abdominal ultrasound produces a picture of the organs and other structures in the upper abdomen. What is Abdominal ultrasound imaging? Abdominal ultrasound imaging is performed to evaluate the:

• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Spleen
• Kidneys

Ques-How should I prepare for the procedure?

Ans.-You should wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing for your ultrasound exam. You will need to remove all or part of the clothing and jewellery in the area to be examined. You may be asked to wear a gown during the procedure. Tell your doctor if you have had a barium enema or a series of upper GI (gastrointestinal) tests within the past two days. Barium that remains in the intestines can interfere with the ultrasound test. Other preparations depend on the type of ultrasound you are having .For a study of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas, you may be asked to eat a fat-free meal on the evening before the test and then to avoid eating for 8 to 12 hours before the test. For ultrasound of the kidneys, you may be asked to drink four to six glasses of liquid about an hour before the test to fill your bladder. For ultrasound of the aorta, you may need to avoid eating for 8 to 12 hours before the test. investigations are arranged. 

WHAT IS ULTRASOUND IMAGING OF THE BREAST? During a breast ultrasound examination the doctor performing the test may use Doppler techniques to evaluate blood flow or lack of flow in any breast mass. In some cases this may provide additional information as to the cause of the mass. WHAT ARE SOME COMMON USES OF THE PROCEDURE? Determining the Nature of a Breast Abnormality The primary use of breast ultrasound today is to help diagnose breast abnormalities detected by a physician during a physical exam (such as a lump or bump, bloody or spontaneous clear nipple discharge) and to characterize potential abnormalities seen on mammography or breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Ultrasound imaging can help to determine if an abnormality is solid (which may be a non-cancerous lump of tissue or a cancerous tumor) or fluid-filled (such as a benign cyst) or both cystic and solid. Ultrasound can also help show additional features of the abnormal area. Doppler ultrasound is used to assess blood supply in breast lesions. Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening Ultrasound can be offered as a screening tool for women X-ray Mammography is the only screening tool for breast cancer that is known to reduce deaths due to breast cancer through early detection. Even so, mammograms do not detect all breast cancers. Some breast lesions and abnormalities are not visible or are difficult to interpret on mammograms. In breasts that are dense, meaning there is a lot of ducts, glands, fibrous tissue and less fat, many cancers can be hard to see on mammography. Many studies have shown that ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help supplement mammography by detecting breast cancers that may not be visible with mammography. MRI is more sensitive than ultrasound in depicting breast cancer, Ultrasound can be offered as a screening tool for women who: · Are at high risk for breast cancer and unable to undergo an MRI examination. · Are pregnant or should not be exposed to x-rays(which is necessary for a mammogram).

• Ultrasound-guided Breast Biopsy

When an ultrasound examination reveals a suspicious breast abnormality, a physician may choose to perform an ultrasound-guided biopsy. Because ultrasound provides real-time images, it is often used to guide biopsy procedures. An ultrasound exam will usually need to be performed before the biopsy in order to plan the procedure and to determine if this method of biopsy can be used.

HOW SHOULD I PREPARE? You will be asked to undress from the waist up and to wear a gown during the procedure. Gowns are provided at our Diagnostic and Imaging Centre.

HOW IS THE PROCEDURE PERFORMED? You will lie on your back on the examining table and may be asked to raise your arm above your head. A clear water-based gel is applied to the area of the body being studied to help the transducer make secure contact with the body and eliminate air pockets between the transducer and the skin that can block the sound waves from passing into your body. The radiologist then presses the transducer firmly against the skin in various locations, sweeping over the area of interest or angling the sound beam from a farther location to see an area of concern better. Doppler sonography is performed using the same transducer. When the examination is complete, you may be asked to dress and wait while the ultrasound images are reviewed. This ultrasound examination is usually completed within 30 minutes.

WHAT WILL I EXPERIENCE DURING AND AFTER THE PROCEDURE? Ultrasound examinations are painless, fast and easily tolerated by most patients. There is usually no discomfort from pressure as the transducer is pressed against the area being examined. If scanning is performed over an area of tenderness, you may feel pressure or minor pain from the transducer. If a Doppler ultrasound study is performed, you may actually hear pulse-like sounds that change in pitch as the blood flow is monitored and measured. You may be asked to change positions during the exam. Once the imaging is complete, the clear ultrasound gel will be wiped off your skin. After an ultrasound examination, you should be able to resume your normal activities immediately.

WHO INTERPRETS THE RESULTS AND HOW DO I GET THEM? A radiologist a specifically trained to interpret radiology examinations, will analyze the images and you will be provided a signed report at the conclusion of your examination. Radiologist may discuss results with you to your primary care physician, or to the physician or other healthcare provider who referred you for the exam, who will share the results with you. Follow-up examinations may be necessary, and your doctor will explain the reason why another exam is needed. Sometimes a follow-up exam is done because a suspicious or questionable finding needs clarification with additional views or a special imaging technique. A follow-up examination may be necessary so that any change in a known abnormality can be monitored over time. Follow-up examinations are sometimes the best way to see if treatment is working or if an abnormality is stable over time.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS VS. RISKS? Benefits ·Most ultrasound scanning is non-invasive (no needles or injections). · Occasionally, an ultrasound exam may be temporarily uncomfortable, but it is almost never painful. · Ultrasound is widely available, easy-to-use and less expensive than other imaging methods. · Ultrasound imaging is extremely safe and does not use any ionizing radiation. · Ultrasound scanning gives a clear picture of soft tissues that do not show up well on x-ray images. · Ultrasound provides real-time imaging, making it a good tool for guiding minimally invasive procedures such as needle biopsies and needle aspiration. · Ultrasound imaging can help detect lesions in women with dense breasts. · Ultrasound may help detect and classify a breast lesion that cannot be interpreted adequately through mammography alone. Using ultrasound, physicians are able to determine that many areas of clinical concern are due to normal tissue (such as fat lobules) or benign cysts. For most women 30 years of age and older, a mammogram will be used together with ultrasound. For women under age 30, ultrasound alone is often sufficient to determine whether an area of concern needs a biopsy or not. Risks For standard diagnostic ultrasound, there are no known harmful effects on humans. Interpretation of a breast ultrasound examination may lead to additional procedures such as follow-up ultrasound and/or aspiration or biopsy. Many of the areas thought to be of concern only on ultrasound turn out to be non-cancerous.

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF ULTRASOUND IMAGING OF THE BREAST? Ultrasound is one of the tools used in breast imaging, but it does not replace annual mammography and careful clinical breast examination. Biopsy may be recommended to determine if a suspicious abnormality is cancer or not. Most suspicious findings on ultrasound that require biopsy are not cancers. Many calcifications seen on mammography cannot be seen on ultrasound. Some early breast cancers only show up as calcifications on mammography. MRI findings that are due to cancer are not always seen with ultrasound. It is important to choose a facility with expertise in breast ultrasound, preferably one where the radiologists specialize in breast imaging. Ultrasound depends on the abnormality being recognized at the time of the scan as it is a “real-time” examination. This requires experience and good equipment. Many cancers are not visible on ultrasound.

WHAT IS CRANIAL ULTRASOUND? A cranial ultrasound is also known as a ‘head scan’. Sound waves are used to look at the brain structure and the fluid spaces within the brain (ventricles). It does not involve any X-rays. WHY IS IT DONE? Cranial ultrasounds are performed to look at problems of premature or complicated births. These include swelling of the brain, bleeding in the brain and any structural problems. IVH is more common in premature babies than in full-term infants. Cranial ultrasound can detect most cases of IVH by the first week after delivery. Both IVH and PVL increase an infant’s risk of developing disabilities that range from mild learning difficulties or delayed motor development to cerebral palsy. Not all infants with an abnormal scan will develop problems. Cranial ultrasound may also be done to evaluate an infant’s large or increasing head size (hydrocephalus).

Ques- WHO WILL HAVE A CRANIAL ULTRASOUND?

As part of routine screening for infants born prematurely (less than 32 weeks).

.Babies born at full-term with complications around the time of delivery.

• To evaluate an enlarging head.

Ques-HOW IS IT DONE? No special preparation is required before having this test. This test is done by radiologist with the baby lying on his or her back; a probe is moved across the soft spot (fontanel) on top of your baby’s head. Pictures of the brain and fluid chambers (ventricles) can be seen on a video monitor. A cranial ultrasound usually takes 10 to 15 minutes. There is no discomfort involved with having a cranial ultrasound test. The gel may feel a little cold when it is applied to the skin. 

Ques- Any Risks There are no known risks associated with a cranial ultrasound test.

Ques- MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Ultrasound Offers Advantages in Musculoskeletal Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment Ultrasound imaging is the use of high-frequency sound waves to obtain images for diagnosis or treatment. Ultra-sonography is safe and does not use ionizing radiation like x-rays to obtain images. In musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) we use high frequency transducers that produce images with higher resolution than MRI. In addition, we can obtain real time motion studies to see how ligaments, tendons, muscles, and joints function under normal conditions or abnormally when injured, degenerated, or unstable. We can also image nerves and detect abnormalities of position, size, adhesions, and tears in many areas. Ultrasound does not use radiation and is therefore safe during pregnancy.

Ques- THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PROCEDURES In many cases, the use of ultrasound also allows the skilled practitioner to precisely and safely deliver therapies to the affected tissue. During ultrasound-guided injections or aspirations, practitioners can directly visualize the needle passing to the target. Direct visualization ensures accurate injectate placement and offers a greater margin of safety. Smaller needles may also be used, improving patient comfort and potentially reducing risk. Applications for ultrasound-guided injections include: Needle placement into joints for aspiration or injection, particularly in patients with challenging anatomy, those on blood thinners, or those in whom a nonguided injection has failed. Injection into tendon sheaths or bursa. Aspiration and injection of ganglion cysts. Diagnostic or therapeutic nerve blocks, including carpal tunnel syndrome. Percutaneous treatment of calcific tendonitis. 

Ques- WHAT DOES A GYNAECOLOGICAL SCAN INVOLVE? Initially you will be asked to give a brief outline of your problem, the day of your last period (if relevant) and whether you have had any significant gynaecological or other medical problems in the past. Most scans are performed vaginally – in other words it is an internal examination. If a vaginal scan is inappropriate or not possible then a scan can be carried out abdominally. An abdominal scan requires a full bladder and we generally advise that you drink 4 to 6 glass of water about go to 90 minutes before the scan. The images obtained by the abdominal scan are not as good as those from an internal scan, so we prefer to carry out an internal scan if possible. In many cases if other tests such as a cervical smear are required they can be performed as part of the same examination. Pregnancy Ultrasound WHAT IS AN ULTRASOUND EXAM? An ultrasound exam – also known as a “sonogram”- is a way to take a picture of your internal organs without using X-rays. Ultrasound uses harmless sound waves that are directed at organs in the body. The sound waves are turned into a picture (or “image”) on a monitor, much like a computer screen. The sound waves used in ultrasound exams have been safely used for many years. Taking pictures of the growing baby (the fetus), the placenta, and the amniotic fluid that surrounds the baby can be very helpful. Ultrasound can provide important information about your pregnancy. It can: · Determine the estimated due date of the baby · Show the size of the baby and if it is growing properly · Find out whether there is more than one baby (twins or triplets) Check the location and development of the placenta Measure the amount of amniotic fluid (“bag of waters” that surrounds the baby) · Detect some (but not all) birth defects ·

HOW ARE PRENATAL ULTRASOUND EXAMS DONE? Ultrasounds are usually done either in the doctor’s office or in the Radiology Departments of Focus Healthcare, Bareilly. Prenatal ultrasounds can be done in more than one way: Transabominally. This method is the most common, and uses a transducer (the instrument that sends the sound waves) placed on the mother’s belly area. A warm gel is smeared on the skin to improve the connection between the skin and the transducer. This method is used throughout pregnancy. Transvaginally. This method uses a thin transducer placed gently into the vagina. This is often done in early pregnancy (less than 13 weeks), and sometimes later in pregnancy to look at the lower part of the uterus called the cervix. WHEN ARE PRENATAL ULTRASOUND EXAMS DONE? Prenatal ultrasound exams can be done any time in pregnancy. The exam can provide different kinds of information during the various stages of your pregnancy. 1st trimester: In early pregnancy (less than 13 weeks) an ultrasound may be done to confirm that you are pregnant and to check the baby’s heartbeat. We can also use it to estimate your due date and to find out if you are having twins. A specialized type of ultrasound“ Level 1 ultrasound ” may also be used in the 1st trimester to estimate the risk of a chromosome defect, like Down syndrome (called “nuchal translucency ultrasound and nasal spine ”). 2nd trimester: Later in pregnancy, an ultrasound is offered around 18-20 weeks. Sometimes this test is called a “screening ultrasound.” At this stage of pregnancy, the ultra sound is done to check that the baby is growing normally, to look at the location of the placenta, and to be sure that there is enough amniotic fluid. It can also look for serious birth defects. It is important to remember that many birth defects cannot be found during your ultrasound. Also, a normal ultrasound is not a 100 percent guarantee of a healthy baby. 3rd trimester: Ultrasound is sometimes done later in pregnancy if there is a question about the size or position of the baby, the amount of amniotic fluid, or the location of the placenta. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A LEVEL 1 AND A LEVEL 2 ULTRASOUND? When you have a Level 1 ultrasound , the doctor takes many pictures of your developing baby, your uterus, the amniotic fluid, and the placenta. The results are then reported to your doctor or other medical professional. Sometimes, the doctor may feel that it would be helpful to do a more detailed ultrasound, called a Level 2 ultrasound . If some structures were not well seen during the first ultrasound, or there are other concerns, you will be advised to have a Level 2 ultrasound. This does not necessarily mean that there is something wrong with your baby or your pregnancy. Level 2 ultrasound in Focus Healthcare, Bareilly are generally done in the same way as Level 1 ultrasounds. You will usually be given the results of your level 2 ultrasound at the time of the exam. You may be scheduled for a Level 2 ultrasound instead of a Level 1 ultrasound if you have a personal or family history of a problem that can be detected with ultrasound, such as an earlier pregnancy with a birth defect. WHAT IF I AM TOLD TO REPEAT MY ULTRASOUND EXAM? If you are asked to come back for a Level 2 ultrasound, you may be concerned about your baby’s health. However, it is important to remember that in many cases the Level 2 ultrasound shows that everything looks fine. If your Level 2 ultrasound determines that the baby has a problem or that there is a complication in your pregnancy, you should see your referring doctor & discuss.

SHOULD I HAVE A PRENATAL ULTRASOUND? Ultrasound is the safest way to get information about your baby before it is born. Ultrasounds have been a part of prenatal care for many years. There are no known risks from prenatal ultrasound to the mother or the baby. However, most experts agree that prenatal ultrasound exams should only be done When ordered by a doctor or other medical professional to obtain medical information.

Testicular ultrasound WHY IS IT DONE? Testicular ultrasound is done to: Evaluate a mass or pain in the testicles. Identify and monitor infection or inflammation of the testicles or epididymis. Identify twisting of the spermatic cord cutting off blood supply to the testicles (testicular torsion). Monitor for recurrence of testicular cancer. Locate an undescended testicle. Identify fluid in the scrotum (hydrocele), fluid in the epididymis (spermatocele), blood in the scrotum (hematocele), or pus in the scrotum (pyocele). Guide a biopsy needle for testicular biopsy when testing for infertility. Evaluate an injury to the genital area. HOW TO PREPARE? No special preparation is needed for a testicular ultrasound. If you are having a biopsy or another test during the ultrasound, you may need to sign a consent form. HOW IS IT DONE? You will need to remove all your clothes from the waist down and put on a gown before the test. You will be asked to lie on your back on a padded examination table. For most ultrasound exams, the patient is positioned lying face-up on an examination table that can be tilted or moved. A clear gel is applied to the area of the body being studied to help the transducer make secure contact with the body and eliminate air pockets between the transducer and the skin. The radiologist then presses the transducer firmly against the skin and sweeps it back and forth over the area of interest. When the examination is complete, the patient may be asked to dress and wait while the ultrasound images are reviewed.